![]() This is followed by a summary of the clinical trials on the effects of aspartame and sucralose on glucose metabolism. ![]() ![]() First, an overview of aspartame and sucralose absorption, metabolism, and excretion is provided, and then the possible mechanisms through which NNS consumption could influence glucose metabolism are examined. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the available evidence regarding the effect of aspartame and sucralose on glucose metabolism. 12 Moreover, the effects of NNSs on weight, metabolic health, glucose homeostasis, and glycemic responses are also uncertain. They concluded that the effect of NNS consumption on glucose metabolism was unclear. For example, Romo-Romo et al 12 conducted a systematic review of 14 observational prospective studies, 28 clinical trials (1985–2015), and 2 meta-analyses to assess the effect of NNS consumption on glucose metabolism and appetite-stimulating gut hormones in adults. 11Įvidence of the effect of NNSs on glucose metabolism and gut hormones is still inconclusive. 5, 9 In contrast, it has been shown that NNS-containing beverages, when compared with sugar-containing beverages, can be beneficial for maintaining body weight 10 and decreasing cardiovascular disease and T2DM. Consumption of NNSs, mainly in the form of diet soda, has been associated with weight gain, as opposed to weight loss, and may increase appetite and food intake. The effect of NNS consumption on health is unclear, as mixed results are reported in the literature. 4, 5 A recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey reported that approximately 48% of US adults consumed NNSs from multiple dietary sources from 2007 to 2012, 6 which is higher than previously reported. Their inclusion in frequently advertised zero- and low-calorie beverages, their affordability, and their integration into weight loss diets all contribute to their popularity. 1–3 As a result, non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) have become popular sugar substitutes in the food and beverage market globally. The consumption of sugar- and energy-dense food and beverages has been associated with many negative health outcomes, including weight gain, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. In summary, the evidence from the clinical trials conducted to date is contradictory because of the different protocols used.Īspartame, glucose metabolism, low-calorie sweeteners, non-nutritive sweeteners, sucralose INTRODUCTION Three studies reported decreased insulin sensitivity following sucralose consumption, while 1 trial reported an increase in insulin sensitivity. Moreover, only 4 studies reported increased concentrations of glucagon-like peptide 1. One study found higher glucose concentrations after sucralose consumption, while 3 studies found lower concentrations and 33 studies found no change in glucose concentrations. A majority of studies have found that consumption of aspartame or sucralose has no effect on concentrations of blood glucose, insulin, or gut hormones however, 2 trials have shown that aspartame consumption affects glucose, insulin, and glucagon-like peptide 1 concentrations, while only a few trials have shown that sucralose consumption affects glucose, insulin, and glucagon-like peptide 1 concentrations. Here, the available evidence of the effects of aspartame and sucralose consumption on glucose metabolism and gut hormones is reviewed. However, the potential effects of non-nutritive sweeteners on glucose metabolism and gut hormones have not been determined definitively. Non-nutritive sweeteners are thought to be useful replacements for caloric sweeteners in sweet food and beverages, since the reduction in energy and carbohydrate intake may lead to health benefits stemming from weight management and glycemic control.
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